Kraków (Poland)

Kraków, Poland's second-largest city, is actively pursuing sustainable mobility to address urban congestion and environmental concerns. The city's public transport system comprises buses and trams operated by MPK Kraków, with plans for a metro line anticipated to commence in 2028. Geographically, Kraków's historic Old Town is pedestrianized, and the surrounding hilly terrain influences transport planning, necessitating efficient connections between the city center and suburban areas.

In December 2023, the Kraków City Council adopted a Sustainable Mobility Plan encompassing 36 municipalities. This plan aims to enhance public transport accessibility, improve traffic safety, and reduce emissions, promoting a balanced development of all mobility forms. Kraków is the first city in Poland to implement a Low Emission Zone, starting in 2024. This aims to gradually phase out older, more polluting vehicles from the city center, improving air quality.

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